【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodtoDetermineEfficacyofDisinfectionProcessesforReusableMedicalDevices(SimulatedUseTest)
【原文标准名称】:可再利用医疗设备(模拟使用试验)消毒过程功效测定的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME1837-1996(2007)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E35.15
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:disinfectant;disinfectionprocesses;disinfector;elution;high-leveldisinfectant;recovery;reprocessing;reusablemedicalinstrument
【摘要】:1.1Thistestmethodisintendedtodescribeaprocedurefortestingtheeffectivenessofadisinfectionprocessforreprocessingreusablemedicaldeviceswhenitistestedwithachallengeofvegetativecellsincludingmycobacteria.Disinfectionnormallydealswithtestingactivityagainstvegetativecellsofbacteria,viruses,andfungi.Sincethistestmethodisprocessoriented,theusermaywishtoexamineavarietyoftestorganisms.1.2Thistestmethodisdesignedtoprovideareproducibleproceduretoverifytheeffectivenessofapreviouslyvalidateddisinfectantordisinfectionprocedureforreusablemedicalinstrumentsanddevices.1.3Thistestmethodisnotmeanttodefinetheeffectivenessoforvalidationoftheparticulardisinfectionprocessusedoritskinetics,butrather,itisdevisedtoconfirmtheeffectivenessofthedisinfectionprocessbysimulatingusesituationswithaparticulartestprocessusingmedicaldevicesandinstruments.Eithermanualormachinereprocessingcanbetested.1.4Thistestmethodisintendedforusewithreusablecleanedandpreviouslysterilizedordisinfected(highlevel)medicalinstrumentsanddevices.Endoscopesaredescribedinthistestmethodasaworst-caseexampleforcontaminationandsampling.Theselectedsterilizationordisinfectionprocesses,orboth,shouldhavebeenvalidatedpreviously,aswellastheeffectivenessofrinsingforresidualsterilant/disinfectantremovaldetermined.1.5Aninoculumwithhighnumbersofselectedmicroorganismsisappliedtobothtestandcontrol,cleanedandsterilized,ordisinfectedmedicalinstruments.Strainsofmicroorganismswitharecordedresistancetodisinfectantsareusedtocontaminatetheinstrumentsitesknownorsuspectedtobethemostdifficulttoreprocess.1.6Itisimpracticaltotestforrecoveryofsurvivorsbyimmersionofsomeinstruments,forexample,endoscopesorsomelaproscopicinstruments,ingrowthmediumbecauseofcomplexity,size,difficultyinlong-termincubation,ordeteriouseffectsresultingfromincubation.Elutionoforganismsfromtheinoculatedsurfaces,therefore,maybeperformedtoestimatethenumberofrecoverableorganisms.Immersioncanbeusedforsmallerinstruments.1.7Controlinstrumentsareinoculatedinthesamemannerasthetestinstrumentsandelutionorimmersionmethodsareperformedtodeterminethenumberoforganismsrecoverablefromtheinstrument.Forchanneleddevices,suchasendoscopestesting,thenumberoforganismsrecoverablefromtheinstrument(insideandoutside)willserveastheinitialcontrolcount.Itisexpectedthatsomefractionofthenumberoforganismsinoculatedwillbelostintheprocessofinoculation/drying.1.8Atestingprocedurecanbeperformedonacompletereprocessingcycleorcanbelimitedtojustthecleaningordisinfectionportionsofthecyclewhetherreprocessingisdoneinamachineormanually.1.9Afterthetestcyclehasbeencompleted,remaininginoculatedbacteriawillberecoveredfromtestinstrumentsusingthesameelutionproceduresasforthecontrolinstruments.1.10Efficacyofadisinfectioncycleorreprocessingcycle,oranypartthereof,maybedeterminedbycomparisonofthenumberofmicroorganismsrecoveredfromthecontrolinstrument(initialrecoverablecontrolcount)totherecoverydeterminedforthetestinstruments.1.11Aknowledgeofmicrobiologicaltechniquesisrequiredtoconducttheseprocedures.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:C05
【国际标准分类号】:11_080_01
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardforInformationTechnology-TelecommunicationsandInformationExchangeBetweenSystems-LocalandMetropolitanAreaNetworks-SpecificRequirementsPart3:CarrierSenseMultipleAccesswithCollisionDetection(CSMA/CD)AccessMethodandPhys
【原文标准名称】:信息技术标准.电信和系统间的信息交流.局域网和城域网.特殊要求.第3部分:载波感测多元存取／碰撞侦测(CSMA/CD)存取方法和物理层规范.修改件:基于优先权流控制的媒体访问控制帧(MAC)
【标准号】:ANSI/IEEE802.3bd-2011
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2011
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(US-ANSI)
【起草单位】:ANSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:频带宽度;电路网络;通信;通信网;通信规程;通信系统;计算机网络;控制规程;带检测冲突的载波检测多址存取;数据交换;数据接口;数据链层;数据处理;数据传送;数据传输;数据传输控制规程;数据传输方法;定义(术语);电子数据处理(EDP);电气安全性;光纤;信息交流;信息交换;信息处理;情报系统;信息技术;接口(数据处理);局部地区网络(LAN);局域网;城域网(MAN);人类;文电;城域网;城域;多处理机;开式系统;性能;物理层;信号电平;信号;通讯;电信传输法;电信;试验;传递函数;电压
【英文主题词】:Bandwidths;Circuitnetworks;Communication;Communicationnetworks;Communicationprocedures;Communicationsystems;Computernetworks;Controlprocedures;CSMA/CD;Dataexchange;Datainterface;Datalinklayers;Dataprocessing;Datatransfer;Datatransmission;Datatransmissioncontrolprocedures;Datatransmissionmethods;Definitions;EDP;Electricalsafety;Fibreoptics;Informationexchange;Informationinterchange;Informationprocessing;Informationsystems;Informationtechnology;Interfaces(dataprocessing);LAN;Localareanetworks;Localtelephonenetwork;MAN;Messages;Metropolitanareanetworks;Metropolitanareas;Multiprocessors;Opensystems;Performance;Physicallayers;Signallevel;Signals;Telecommunication;Telecommunicationtransmissionmethods;Telecommunications;Testing;Transferfunctions;Voltage
【摘要】:ThisamendmentdefinesaMACControlFrametosupport802.1QPriority-basedFlowControl.
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:35_100_10;35_110
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语